The Lithium Battery Architecture Handbook: A Systems Guide to Cells, BMS, and Internal Engineering
Most lithium batteries fail long before their advertised lifespan not because of the chemistry, but because of what’s hidden inside the pack. Behind identical labels and metal enclosures are radically different cell arrangements, electrical paths, and protection systems that determine whether a battery survives years of daily cycling or collapses under real-world load. This article opens the battery pack and explains what truly separates reliable lithium systems from expensive disappointments.